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At the heart of the network infrastructure and protocols in the open metaverse is The Root Network (TRN).
The Root Network is the core blockchain infrastructure designed with a strong emphasis on user onboarding, aiming to improve the web3 experience. While the initial onboarding process in web3 lacks user-friendliness and safety features compared to web2, once users are onboarded, web3 offers superior privacy and flexibility in handling assets and data.
The Root Network has the following main elements:
The Root Network uses Substrate at its core. Substrate has two major advantages: a large, well-established developer community, and the technical capability to customize the chain runtimes to optimize for user experience.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) runs within The Root Network protocol and is able to read Solidity smart contracts and execute them. This gives The Root Network developers access to smart contract functionality and also means that any code previously written for Ethereum can now run natively on The Root Network.
The EVM development ecosystem provides the broadest possible support for smart contracts and dapps, as well as compatibility with existing collections and collectibles in the NFT ecosystem.
Our custom runtimes for Non-Fungible Assets, Gas Economy, Fungible Assets, Decentralized Exchange, Oracles and more, will provide the ingredients for creators to build applications and content without being a smart contract developer. They also provide a world-class onboarding experience.
The Root Network NFT runtime provides a single unified network-wide experience for NFTs.
In other networks, NFTs exist at the individual contract layer. In The Root Network, NFTs exist in a core network runtime. This provides a common standard to build interoperability.
A uniform approach to minting, royalties and structuring, especially in the metadata and content formats, is essential for delivering the asset interoperability people imagine at the application layer.
The NFT runtime also has unique features like:
Network-wide royalty enforcement
Native multi-wallet split and tiered royalties for creators
Native NFT to NFT swaps
Native Static and cold minting options
Build NFT dapps without needing to develop or deploy smart contracts
Fees from the NFT runtime are distributed to network stakers and validators
The Root Network also integrates the XRPL XLS-20 NFT standard as a runtime, enabling compatibility with the XRPL NFT ecosystem and infrastructure.
The Root Network has a unique multi-token economy that enables the optimization of both gas and initial user onboarding.
In traditional single-token networks, high or unpredictable gas fees create significant challenges for users, impacting their overall experience. Additionally, the need to understand and obtain gas for transactions poses a considerable barrier for new users entering decentralized applications within web3.
The Root Network introduces a unique multi-token system where the primary network token, ROOT, is separated from the gas token, XRP, sourced from a partnership with Ripple and the XRPL. This separation enables efficient network operation and fosters liquidity for block rewards. The network addresses the user problem of complex gas acquisition by implementing an in-chain Gas fee exchange, allowing users to use the native token of the application or have developers pay fees on their behalf through liquidity pools. This innovative approach ensures smoother user onboarding without the necessity of comprehending the network's underlying economy or engaging with external exchanges.
Like the NFT runtime, users can create and launch standardized fungible tokens without having to deploy smart contract code, and compatible with XRPL fungible tokens. 1% of each new asset created in the Fungible Assets runtime is distributed to network node validators as a fee.
The network exchange runtime provides an in-chain decentralized exchange (DEX) with a rich set of features that enable users and developers to trade collectibles, build liquidity pools and launch token price discovery, without having to deploy smart contract code. Exchange fees are collected by node validators. The in-chain DEX will also be integrated into the XRPL DEX to draw liquidity from to bootstrap the network liquidity.
The Root Network natively supports collectibles bridges through its general purpose bridging runtime. This means, for example, FLUF World assets on the ETH network or fungible and non-fungible assets on the XRPL can be bridged to The Root Network to gain additional utility. These two networks will be live at launch, but others can be added as the ecosystem grows. The Root Network can also act as a hub for other Substrate-based and XRPL-based networks. This would apply to people who want to build interoperable content in the ecosystem, but require their own MetaApp chain.
The Root Network (TRN) has unique features that differentiate its tokenomics from other blockchains. Specifically: The Root Network is an any-token gas blockchain to simplify user onboarding. Currently, users can transact in XRP, ROOT, ASTO, and SYLO. More approved tokens will be available in future. As a result, no single token is used for gas and network fees.
Gas and network fees accumulate during the reward cycle (90 days).
These fees are transferred into The Vortex at the end of the cycle, and Vortex tokens are minted to reward participants based on their participation level.
Participation level is based on two things:
(a) The amount and duration of ROOT staked, and
(b) The work done as a validator, measured in Work points
Vortex tokens can be redeemed anytime, releasing the underlying tokens in The Vortex to the holder.
Please note tokenomics for The Root Network are subject to change in future.
Several key use cases drive the ROOT token economy:
ROOT is the network governance token. It will control core features like software upgrades, runtime upgrades and new runtime deployments, the block reward economy, and admitting new application chains who wish to use The Root Network hub.
ROOT is also the network token node validators and delegators use to secure the Proof-of-Stake network. Validators or delegators who stake ROOT will earn fees from various network activities to ensure there is sufficient incentive to operate a node and stake. The block rewards for staking can come in several forms.
Gas spent in the network is distributed to block producers—the default Gas token.
XRP provides validators with instant real value for producing blocks.
Initial bootstrap pool: 10% of the ROOT tokens will be distributed to block validators and stakers over the first 260 weeks.
Fees generated by the various network runtime activities. Including:
NFT trading fees from the Non-fungible Asset runtime
Token minting fees in the Fungible Asset runtime
Trading fees for the DEX and the Gas Fee Exchange
ROOT is the primary in-game token for the Futureverse game ecosystem and can be used for a range of things such as, but not limited to:
Land reward mechanics
Game rewards
Stake to earn content
Charging up in-game items
Breeding
New content purchases
Stake to play
ROOT can be used to incentivize individual and community-owned-and-controlled data sharing with third parties via the Token Service platform.
As it’s a fungible token in its own right, ROOT can, be used for any other type of utility. Developers can leverage the liquidity and community of ROOT to bootstrap their own activities and games. The nature of the multi-token economy means that the ROOT holder community can get access to these tokens via staking in the network.
The ROOT token supply is 12,000,000,000 tokens and will be distributed in several pools.
Community Rewards - 20%
Each month, ecosystem challenges will be set on The Root Network, each with a number of rewards available. The total number of rewards per player will be determined by their FutureScore. The FutureScore is powered by FuturePass technology. It is calculated based on specific criteria, which include the type of assets you hold, the number of collectibles in your possession, the duration of your ownership, the rarity of those assets, and the activities those assets have been involved with. Additionally, the score takes into account other valuable contributions players have made to growing the ecosystem, such as social media activity. The score is dynamic, will evolve over time, and will be influenced based on your participation.
Land Mechanics – 20%
20% of the tokens will be allocated to game mechanics within The Third Kingdom. The upcoming Third Kingdom whitepaper will release more details on how this will work.
Ecosystem Development Fund – 10%
10% of the tokens will be allocated to encourage new developers, artists and IP rights holders to build on the network.
Block Reward Bootstrap - 10%
Validators and stakers will receive up to 10% of the tokens over 260 weeks as a bootstrap, while the token fee economy gets up to speed.
CENNZ Burn to Mine - 10%
Many of The Root Network’s runtimes and technology have resulted from our collaboration with the CENNZnet team. We are rewarding CENNZ token holders with the ability to burn their CENNZ tokens into The Root Network and, over time, receive 1 ROOT for each CENNZ in a 1:1 ratio.
Futureverse – 15%
As the core developer, the Futureverse company will hold 15% of the tokens. They will be locked for 100 weeks and then vested for a further 100 weeks.
Liquidity providers - 5% Liquidity providers will be eligible for up to 5% of the tokens.
DAO treasury 5%
The Treasury will manage a further 5% of tokens (among other tokens retained within the Treasury). These tokens will be locked for 50 weeks. The DAO will control their allocation.
Advisors - 5%
Our core advisors and those who have brought significant IP to the network will receive 5% of the tokens. They will be locked for 100 weeks, then vested over 100 weeks.
All rewards on The Root Network are distributed as Vortex tokens. Vortex tokens are tokens that can be redeemed to release a corresponding percentage of tokens that are in The Vortex.
Two types of rewards contribute to The Vortex each reward cycle: Bootstrap Rewards and Gas and network fees.
Bootstrap rewards
As outlined above, Bootstrap rewards account for 10% of the total supply of ROOT tokens over 260 weeks to early backers and supporters.
This is distributed based on staked ROOT tokens by duration in the reward cycle.
At the end of the reward cycle, The Root Network calculates the Bootstrap Reward for each participant type, transfers it into the Vortex, mints Vortex tokens, and distributes them to participants.
Rewards from gas and network fees
This reward pool is based on gas and network fees collected. At the end of the reward cycle, these fees are used to mint Vortex tokens to reward participants.
30% of these Vortex tokens are distributed to stakers, nominators and validators. The distribution is based on the amount and duration of their staked ROOT relative to the total ROOT staked and its duration by all participants.
The remaining 70% are distributed to validators and nominators based on their proportional Work points earned throughout the reward cycle.
At the end of each reward cycle, the protocol determines the value of the tokens added to the Vortex. It also divides the value of The Vortex itself by the number of Vortex tokens in circulation. These numbers are used to calculate the amount of new Vortex tokens to mint and distribute as rewards to participants.
Work points are earned by validators for doing work to complete blocks and transactions on the network.
As a nominator, you earn a percentage commission of Work points your selected validators earn.
At the end of each Era (24 hours), you will see an estimate of your Work points on the staking dashboard.
If you are a staker only (i.e., did not nominate a validator), you do not earn any Work points.
Work points do not directly translate to Vortex tokens. See above for how reward distribution is calculated.
Note: You require ROOT tokens in your FuturePass to participate in staking or nominating. To bridge your ERC20 ROOT from an Externally Owned Account (EOA) account to your FuturePass address (e.g 0xffff) see, Ethereum Bridge.
Go to the staking site: staking.therootnetwork.com.
Click Start Staking.
Sign in to your FuturePass. Your available ROOT balance is on the staking dashboard in the top right corner.
Click Stake ROOT.
Enter the amount you want to stake.
If nominating, select one or more validators. Or select ‘Skip nomination’ to only stake.
Confirm your choices and sign the transaction.
Your ROOT is now staked.
Users can pay gas fees using any approved token or have them covered by developers. The Root Network introduces an innovative any-token economy, streamlining user onboarding and enhancing the gas fee system for both users and validators.
This distinctive approach simplifies user onboarding by allowing users to utilize the native token of an application or enabling developers to manage fees on users' behalf. The Root Network seamlessly converts any configured token into the default gas token, ensuring user flexibility without the need to comprehend the network's intricate economy or engage with exchanges.
Moreover, The Root Network distinguishes the staking token from the gas token, addressing challenges related to high or fluctuating network fees and resolving the issue of inadequate liquidity for incentivizing node operators.
The any-token gas protocol is encapsulated in the feeProxy
pallet on-chain. To start utilizing this feature in your dapp, check out:
The pallet and how it works with the .
The pallet and how it works with the .
What's the difference between ?
Utilizing the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) Smart Contract module as well as our prebuilt core runtime modules, developers can build The Root Network dapps with smart contracts.
The EVM integration ensures extensive support for smart contracts, dapps, and existing Ethereum asset collections, facilitating interoperable development and the effortless transition of Ethereum functionality to The Root Network with bidirectional communication. With the integrated EVM, developers can further enhance The Root Network's capabilities by deploying their own smart contracts, fostering deep connectivity to ROOT's native runtimes for an enriched developer and user experience.
EVM is the mechanism developers must use to run smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. The EVM mechanism reads smart contracts written in Solidity.
To integrate smart contracts into The Root Network blockchain, we built our very own EVM mechanism within our blockchain runtime. This EVM runs within The Root Network blockchain protocol and is able to read Solidity smart contracts and execute them on The Root Network. This gives The Root Network developers access to smart contract functionality and also means that any code previously written for Ethereum can now run on The Root Network blockchain natively.
The Root Network’s EVM support has a few important implications:
Access Ethereum code and infrastructure: The Root Network dapp developers can take advantage of the code and infrastructure built by the Ethereum ecosystem when building The Root Network dapps.
Easy dapp migration: Ethereum dapp developers can easily migrate their dapps to The Root Network for faster transaction speeds and lower transaction fees.
Speak your language: Solidity developers can keep using their favourite tools when developing on The Root Network.
Smart contracts on The Root Network: The EVM module allows you to call The Root Network modules from your smart contract code. This means you can create custom on-chain logic on top of The Root Network runtime modules.
The EVM module now gives dapp developers a choice of building methods. You can implement your dapp using smart contracts through the EVM module or runtime modules. Depending on what you are looking to build, choose one of the methods:
The runtime modules are the most efficient and cost-effective method of developing on The Root Network. All runtime modules are written in Rust, which makes them highly optimised on the blockchain’s protocol. The runtime modules also provide a selection of standard dapp functionalities made easily accessible through a simple JavaScript API. This helpful resource can save you a good amount of development time. We recommend developers explore the modules to check if the problem you are addressing has already been sorted by the provided functionalities before writing your custom smart contract.
The EVM module offers more flexibility. You can create your own custom logic to be deployed at any time. The EVM also allows you to use Solidity and tooling from Ethereum, which you may be more familiar with. You can also call The Root Network modules from your Smart Contracts to combine the power of The Root Network modules with existing Ethereum dapps.
For more information, see Building with EVM API.
To get building your dapp using the EVM module:
Check out the EVM API section
Check out the curated EVM code examples
Our native identity protocol allows users to establish a persistent and secure digital identity that can be used across multiple metaverse applications and experiences.
Our smart wallet enables familiar web2 experiences within open metaverse applications. User-owned on-chain addresses, account abstraction and delegated payments allow users to manage their identity and assets through a single account, rather than having to manage multiple addresses and keys for different assets or applications across experiences.
The identity and smart wallet protocols are encapsulated in the futurepass
pallet on-chain. To start utilizing this feature in your dapp, check out:
The pallet and how it works with the .
The pallet and how it works with the .
What's the difference between ?
The Root Network supports automated decentralized spot exchanges. It will allow users to:
Trade asset tokens instantly on The Root Network blockchain
Send exchanged tokens directly to a 3rd party account within a single exchange transaction
The exchange will support all asset tokens active on The Root Network. This will include SYLO and ASTO tokens along with any generic assets created by new dapps on the network.
The decentralized exchange protocol is encapsulated in the dex
pallet on-chain. To start utilizing this feature in your dapp, check out:
The pallet Native API References and how it works with the code examples.
The pallet EVM API References.
What's the difference between Native API and EVM API?
The Root Network allows you to create digital assets and tokens that can be used and exchanged across different applications, experiences and destinations in the open metaverse.
Our on-chain assets protocols support existing industry standards such as ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155 and XLS-20, ensuring that digital assets remain compatible with a diverse range of metaverse applications and experiences. However, we provide additional functionality and enhanced user experience by connecting these to our in-chain runtimes. By leveraging these common standards, we promote seamless interoperability across the entire web3 ecosystem, providing users with a unified and frictionless experience.
To support on-chain assets protocol, we have several pallets that you can utilize in your dapp:
assets
pallet (ERC-20 Standard)nft
pallet (ERC-721 Standard)sft
pallet (ERC-1155 Standard)Pallet and .
Pallet and .
Pallet and .
Pallet and .
Pallet and .
Pallet and .
What's the difference between ?
Using The Root Network’s NFT runtime module, you can mint and trade NFTs on The Root Network without ever needing to touch a smart contract. Instead, users can create custom NFTs using only a Javascript API or point-and-click with a user interface (UI). This not only simplifies the process of minting NFT assets for everyone but also ensures that creators are not restricted to a particular marketplace. The following features are designed to simplify the storage, sharing, and usage of NFTs:
The first step to creating your NFTs on The Root Network is creating a specific collection to store groups of tokens. This makes it straightforward to organise your tokens by a common theme, such as an artistic feature, a timestamp or even a buyer. A collection can also contain just a single NFT if you would prefer individual groupings.
To create an NFT collection, you must define a schema (arrangement) of attributes all tokens in the collection could contain. These could be characteristics such as:
General appearance (i.e. data represented within the NFT)
A specific timestamp
A specific creator
A naming system
A royalties scheme for secondary sales. This allows one or more creators to receive a set % of a sale price on all sales of your NFT
Finally, you must give your collection a name. The more discoverable, the better!
Once your collection has been created, you can start actually minting your NFTs. At this point, you can assign the token owner and individually determine a fixed price or royalty scheme.
To mint and trade NFTs on The Root Network, there are a couple of pallets you might want to check out:
nft
pallet (ERC-721 Standard)Pallet Native API References and code examples.
Pallet EVM API References and code examples.
marketplace
palletPallet Native API References and code examples.
What's the difference between Native API and EVM API?
The Root Network Ethereum Bridge allows the secure transfer of tokens between The Root Network and Ethereum. It allows two-way transfers of ERC-20 tokens and native $ETH.
The Ethereum Bridge provides several key functions and benefits:
Secure transfer of tokens: Transferring tokens between The Root Network and Ethereum is seamless and secure. The bridge provides a decentralised and cryptographically secure way to move tokens and assets between the two chains.
Liquidity: Asset bridges unlock more liquidity for the network. Developers, metaverse projects and community members can utilise The Root Network for building while receiving payments in Ethereum-supported currency and ROOT.
Cross-chain functionality: Connecting blockchains means you can combine their strengths. This means collections already existing on the Ethereum network can be bridged to The Root Network to gain additional utility.
An open metaverse: Web3 infrastructure must be open and interoperable with portable collectibles. Bridges allow for this level of interoperability by connecting chains to create broader ecosystems of diverse utility.
The Ethereum Bridge uses The Root Network validators, chosen by the network-wide proof-of-stake mechanism. As well as being responsible for creating blocks on The Root Network, validators are now required to verify bridge transactions. They have the authority to act as notaries, verifying the authenticity of a deposit to a bridge contract when needed.
The security of this system is based on threshold cryptography alongside a system of smart contracts. The process looks something like this:
The user sends a deposit request to the Ethereum Bridge contract on Ethereum. This request contains:
The recipient address on The Root Network
The deposit amount
The token address (ERC-20 or native ETH)
The Ethereum Bridge relayer service waits for block confirmations on Ethereum and sends a deposit claim with relevant information to The Root Network.
A challenge period is initiated on The Root Network once the deposit claim is received.
If a challenge is submitted, validators will query the claim and check the transaction’s validity against Ethereum’s full node. The validators will determine who is correct (the challenger or the transaction requester) and slash the incorrect party. There will be some pay-out portion to the correct party.
Once the challenge period ends, the claim is considered valid. The token is minted and transferred to the intended recipient's address.
The user sends a withdrawal request to the Ethereum Bridge module on The Root Network. This request contains:
The recipient address on Ethereum
The withdrawn amount
The token ID
Validators sign a message stating that The Root Network has burnt the requested token amount. The validators will also issue a withdrawal proof for the user.
The user submits the withdrawal proof to the Ethereum Bridge contract on Ethereum.
The Ethereum Bridge contract checks that the signatures are legitimate and then releases the tokens to the intended recipient address.
There are three levels of participation with increasing responsibility and reward profiles. See the table below for a high-level explanation of the different levels, rewards and risks. For early backers, as outlined in Tokenomics, we are rewarding up to 10% of the total supply of ROOT tokens over 260 weeks as part of our Bootstrap Rewards.
Please note tokenomics for The Root Network are subject to change in future.
All participants are rewarded at the end of the 90-day reward cycle, and you must still be staking in at the end of the 90-day reward cycle to receive your rewards.
Note that you can either stake or nominate from the same wallet.
Stake your ROOT tokens for a reward cycle and choose not to nominate any validators. This is a low-risk method of participating.
By not taking on slashing risks for a nominator, your reduced risk is paired with a reward proportional to your risk.
You can stake at any point of the reward cycle. Your rewards are prorated by the duration you staked.
How to stake? Refer to this section.
Withdrawing your funds from staking involves two steps in canceling a stake:
Unstake: This step schedules the unlocking and removal of some of the bond from the staking system. It's important to note that when you begin the unbonding process, you are still staked until you withdraw.
Withdraw: After the unstake process is complete, it returns the unstaked funds to your stash account. Withdrawal can only be performed once the unstake process has finished.
Note that there is a time delay of 28 days for unstaking. You will not receive any rewards during the 28 day period, because the stake is in transit and cannot be used for any purposes. This 28-day waiting period is an industry-wide practice designed to prevent malicious actors from immediately exiting the system with their stake.
This is the next level of participation. To become a nominator, you need to stake at least 25 ROOT.
During the staking flow, you choose to nominate one or more validators. You can nominate at any point in the reward cycle. Your rewards are prorated by the duration you staked.
In each Era (24 hours), the protocol elects validators to complete blocks and transactions, earning them Work points. When you nominate multiple validators, you increase your chances of earning rewards from elected validators. The nomination algorithm automagically determines how best to allocate your nominated ROOT equally across active and earning validators for each Era. It's worth noting that most nominators will likely see only one active and earning validator during an Era. That means all your staked ROOT will be nominated to the one active validator.
Note:
Some validators may become oversubscribed. If this happens, only the top 256 nominators (sorted by the amount of ROOTs nominated) will earn rewards. Oversubscribed validators will have badges clearly indicating their status. You can also exclude them by clicking filter and selecting exclude oversubscribed validators.
The Root Network initially runs all validator nodes. External nodes will be available soon.
Slashed ROOT is transferred to The Root Network Treasury.
Validating is tailored for more technically-minded participants. Validators play a critical role in forging blocks and completing transactions on the network. This role demands technical knowledge, infrastructure cost, and entails higher rewards, albeit with additional risks.
For a comprehensive guide on how to become a validator, see Become a Validator.
In The Root Network, slashing is a pivotal tool to counteract harmful actions by imposing penalties on validators acting counter to the network's welfare and that of their backers (nominators). Such deterrents ensure that validators, driven by the potential loss of their staked tokens, are incentivized to act favorably for the network.
A validator's misstep or adversarial conduct triggers the slashing mechanism. Such behaviors could range from prolonged unavailability, like being offline with numerous others, launching attacks on the network, or employing altered software. The magnitude of the slashed amount is directly proportional to the gravity of the misdeed. Slashed ROOT will go to The Root Network Treasury.
Minor offenses (like a validator being offline for a prolonged period) will not incur slashing. They will stop validating until the issue is fixed, and they re-declare their intention to validate. The slashing mechanism is triggered only if 10% or more active validators simultaneously go offline (which could mean there’s an attack on the network).
On the staking dashboard, when you nominate a validator (or multiple validators), you will see one of three statuses:
Inactive: This means that the validator you nominated is not nominating in this current Era (if you’ve nominated several validators, all but one will display as inactive).
Waiting: You will see this status when you first nominate a validator or change nominations. This means the nomination will not be confirmed until the next Era.
Active and earning: This means the validator was chosen, and your nomination actively supports it in this Era.
Your share of staking rewards is based on your staked ROOT relative to the total staked by all participants. This value updates at the end of each Era. This metric is a key input used at the end of the reward cycle to distribute VORTEX rewards.
Your share of Work point rewards compared to total Work points by all participants. This value updates at the end of each Era. This metric is a key input used at the end of the reward cycle to distribute VORTEX rewards. You will only see values here if you are nominating a validator.
Your share of Bootstrap rewards is based on your participation level and staked ROOT. This value updates at the end of each Era.
Participation Level | Rewards | Risks |
---|---|---|
Staker
Earn rewards based on ROOT staked by the duration of the reward cycle.
Earn 0.024640657
ROOT per ROOT staked for the reward cycle. This is rewarded in Vortex tokens at the end of the 90-day cycle.
Staked ROOT is locked. You can unstake at any time with a 28-day cool-down period.
Note: Withdrawing before the end of the reward cycle will result in the forfeiture of rewards from that cycle.
Nominator
Earn based on ROOT staked by the duration of the reward cycle.
Earn 0.049281314
ROOT per ROOT staked for the reward cycle. This is rewarded in Vortex tokens at the end of the 90-day cycle.
Also, earn based on work done by validators you nominated, based on commission percentage and amount of Work points accumulated during the reward cycle.
In addition to the notes from above, staked ROOT is exposed to slashing risk from the validators you nominate.
Being a nominator is not set and forget. Nominations should be periodically monitored.
Validator
Earn based on ROOT staked by the duration of the reward cycle.
Earn 0.073921971
ROOT per ROOT staked for the reward cycle. This is rewarded in Vortex tokens at the end of the 90-day cycle.
Earn based on work done as a validator, less commission you pay to nominators for selecting you.
Your staked ROOT is exposed to slashing risks.
Investment and skills required to set up, run and maintain a validator node.
The Root Network XRPL Bridge allows the secure transfer of tokens between The Root Network and the XRP Ledger. It allows two-way transfers of native XRPL tokens.
The XRPL Bridge provides several key functions and benefits:
Secure transfer of tokens: Transferring tokens between The Root Network and the XRP Ledger is seamless and secure. The bridge provides a decentralised and cryptographically secure way to move tokens and assets between the two chains.
Liquidity: Asset bridges unlock more liquidity for the network. Developers, metaverse projects and community members can utilise The Root Network for building while receiving payments in XRP-supported currencies.
Cross-chain functionality: Connecting blockchains means you can combine their strengths. This means non-fungible assets on the XRPL can be bridged to The Root Network to gain additional utility.
An open metaverse: Web3 infrastructure must be open and interoperable with portable assets. Bridges allow for this level of interoperability by connecting chains to create broader ecosystems of diverse utility.
The user sends a deposit request to The Root Network door account on XRP Ledger. This request contains:
The recipient’s Root Network address
The XRPL deposit amount
The XRPL Bridge relayer service picks up the transaction and sends a deposit claim to The Root Network with relevant information.
A challenge period is initiated on The Root Network once the deposit claim is received.
If a challenge is submitted, validators will query the claim and check the transaction’s validity against the XRPL full node. The validators will determine who is correct (the challenger or the transaction requester) and slash the incorrect party. There will be some pay-out portion to the correct party.
Once the challenge period ends, the claim is considered valid. The token is minted and transferred to the intended recipient's address.
The user sends a withdrawal request to the XRPL Bridge module on The Root Network. This request contains:
The recipient address on XRP Ledger
The withdrawn XRPL amount
Validators sign a message stating that The Root Network has burnt the requested token amount. The validators will also issue a withdrawal proof.
The XRPL Bridge relayer service picks up the event and submits the withdrawal claim to the door account.
The door account checks that the signatures are legitimate and releases the tokens to the intended recipient address.
The Root Network Portal is a sophisticated dashboard that allows you to interact with the network at the Substrate level.
This guide will show you how to import accounts from MetaMask and send a simple extrinsic to the network.
Select Accounts on the menu, or use this shortcut /#/accounts.
Select From Ethereum Wallet.
Go through the standard accounts connection with MetaMask. Note that you can connect multiple accounts at once.
Select Send on an account you just imported.
Select the address to send the fund and the amount value, then click Make Transfer.
Confirm the details and the required gas fee, then select Sign and Submit.
Allow the MetaMask signing request.
You should see a green tick after selecting Sign, which confirms the extrinsic is submitted correctly.
Fungible asset is an essential component of any blockchain. The Root Network comes with pre-built pallets asset
and assetsExt
that make fungible asset management easy and intuitive, highly optimized for efficiency and stable transaction fees. Additionally, fungible assets on The Root Network are ERC-20 compatible, once created they are tradable on both native and EVM layers.
The following guide will walk you through how to create, mint, and manage a fungible asset using The Root Network Portal.
An account with 100 ROOT
to reserve the asset in the chain storage and at least 0.1 XRP
for initial asset creation.
Go to the Portal Account page and select From Ethereum Wallet.
Select an account you wish to be the asset owner, when the "Connect with MetaMask" dialog opens up, click Next.
Confirm your account appears on the Account page under the Extensions section.
Go to the Portal Extrinsics page and input the values as per the screenshot below:
Extrinsic: assetsExt.createAsset()
Parameters:
name
: The name of the asset.
symbol
: The symbol of the asset.
decimals
: The number of decimals in the asset, max is 18 decimals.
minBalance
(optional): The minimum balance of this new asset that any single account must have. If an account’s balance is reduced below this, then it collapses to zero.
owner
(optional): The owner of the asset, defaults to the caller.
Click Submit Transaction when done and select Sign when prompted by MetaMask.
The transaction is confirmed when a green tick appears on the top right corner.
Go to the Portal Assets page and confirm your asset has been created.
Go to the Portal Extrinsics page and input the values as per the screenshot below:
Extrinsic: assetsExt.mint()
Parameters:
assetId
: The asset ID to mint. The caller must be the owner of the asset.
beneficiary
: The account to receive the minted tokens.
amount
: The amount to mint in the smallest unit. If your asset has 6
decimals, to mint 1 million tokens, it will be 1000000000000
(with 12 zeros).
Click Submit Transaction when done and select Sign when prompted by MetaMask.
The transaction is confirmed when a green tick appears on the top right corner.
Go to the Portal Extrinsics page and input the values as per the screenshot below:
Extrinsic: assetsExt.transfer()
Parameters:
assetId
: The asset ID to mint. The caller must be the owner of the asset.
destination
: The account to be transferred to.
amount
: The amount to transfer in the smallest unit. If your asset has 6
decimals, to mint 1 million tokens, it will be 1000000000000
(with 12 zeros).
keepAlive
: The flag to ensure caller still have enough existence balance.
Click Submit Transaction when done and select Sign when prompted by MetaMask.
The transaction is confirmed when a green tick appears on the top right corner.
It's possible to have your FuturePass account own an asset instead of a standard account. Follow the above steps but wrap all of the extrinsics in the futurepass.proxyExtrinsic
, as per the screenshot:
Once the asset is created in Step 2, you can convert your asset ID to an ERC-20 compatible format to use it on the EVM layer.
The native asset has the following ERC-20 address convention:
For example, if your asset id is 69372
, which is 11064
in hex or 00011064
with padded "0"
up to 8 characters, your asset ERC-20 address will be:
You can verify this by importing the above address to MetaMask, make sure you add The Root Network to MetaMask using the details here.
The Root Network is a layer 1 blockchain designed as a hub for the open metaverse. Purpose-built for open metaverse activations, utilizing core, UX, and digital content focused protocols to enable seamless user experience and enhance content interoperability. The Root Network features include account abstraction and any token gas economy, enabling some of the world's largest content brands to onboard users seamlessly and safely. The Root Network is EVM compatible, built on Substrate, integrated to XRPL and ETH with other networks on the horizon, allowing content on those networks to access deeper functionality and interoperability.
ROOT is the native token of The Root Network. Used for securing the proof-of-stake network, network fees, and as a base currency within the network.
Refer to the Tokenomics section for more information on supply and distribution.
You will first need a cryptocurrency wallet to store, trade, and receive ROOT tokens. ROOT tokens are available natively on The Root Network as well as ERC-20 on Ethereum.
FuturePass: Your native smart wallet on The Root Network, powered by Futureverse. It’s just like using your Ethereum wallet; safe, secure, with account delegation for enhanced security, and multiple wallet integration options for interoperability.
In order to transfer ROOT tokens to and from The Root Network, they will need to be bridged using the FuturePass Dashboard.
There are several ways to purchase ROOT, through centralized exchanges (CEX) and decentralized exchanges (DEX).
ROOT is currently listed on the following centralized exchanges. It’s important to note some exchanges list native ROOT and some the ERC-20 variant, ensure you are aware of which variant you are purchasing.
Centralized exchanges with native ROOT
Note: If you have purchased native ROOT from one of these exchanges you can transfer directly to your FuturePass or the EOA associated with your FuturePass. We always recommend a small test transfer first.
Centralized exchanges with ERC-20 ROOT
IMPORTANT NOTE: Never send your tokens directly across different blockchains. Always utilize the Bridge when transferring between networks. Your FuturePass address is only accessible within The Root Network and any ERC-20 tokens sent to your 0xffff (FuturePass) address without using the bridge will be lost.
Before bridging to The Root Network, you will need to send the ROOT tokens to an Ethereum wallet (EOA) that you hold the private keys for (e.g MetaMask, Wallet Connect, Coinbase). Once you have the ERC-20 ROOT tokens in your self-custody wallet, bridging can be completed in your FuturePass dashboard.
You can purchase ROOT through decentralized exchanges (DEX). As with the centralized exchanges, there are both native and ERC-20 ROOT decentralized exchanges.
Decentralized exchanges with native ROOT
Users should first acquire funds on The Root Network either through withdrawing from CEXes with native ROOT or ERC-20 ROOT via the bridge (see ‘How to Bridge’ section below).
Dexter (Native L1 ROOT)
MOAI Finance (Native L1 ROOT)
These DEXes are also an avenue for users to purchase other tokens on The Root Network like $SYLO, $ASTO and $XRP.
Decentralized exchange with ERC-20 ROOT
UNISWAP (ERC-20 ROOT)
IMPORTANT NOTE: Always be mindful of slippage and price changes when making trades. Please review your transactions carefully before executing them.
ROOT can be bridged between The Root Network and the Ethereum blockchain. If you purchase tokens from CEX with ERC-20 ROOT, you will need to send the tokens to a self-custody Ethereum wallet and then bridge your tokens to The Root Network to get them into your FuturePass. To do this you can follow the below steps:
Log into your FuturePass dashboard.
On the ‘Stuff’ page click on the ‘Tokens’ tab.
Click on ‘Bridge’.
Under ‘Token Name’, select the ROOT you wish to bridge, the small icons signify what chain the tokens are on.
Enter the amount you wish to bridge.
In the ‘Destination Address’ ensure you are bridging to the desired address.
If bridging to The Root Network it should default to your FuturePass address
If bridging to Ethereum blockchain it should default to your EOA wallet address
Click ‘Bridge’.
Approve the transactions. It will take approximately 15-20 minutes for the tokens to bridge.
If bridging ROOT from The Root Network to Ethereum, there is one additional step. You will need to navigate to the ‘Activity’ tab and ‘claim’ your bridged ROOT. Note: when bridging to the Ethereum network, there will be an Ethereum gas fees to claim the bridge.
For questions and support please contact: support@therootnetwork.com.
The Root Network is a proof-of-stake blockchain. Help secure The Root Network by staking ROOT and receiving rewards for participating. Anyone can use ROOT tokens to get involved. For early participants, The Root Network has allocated 10% of the total ROOT supply for the first 260 weeks as an additional Bootstrap Reward.
Gas and network fees are collected during the reward cycle and transferred into The Vortex. In each reward cycle, participants are rewarded with newly minted Vortex tokens based on their stake and participation in the network.
Stake: Stake ROOT without nominating. The low-risk way of participating.
Nominate: Stake ROOT & nominate validators of your choice to secure the network. You share the risks and rewards with validators.
Learn more about staking on The Root Network.
If you choose to Nominate validators to stake with, consider the following factors to maximize your rewards:
A higher uptime means the validator is more reliable by keeping their node consistently running.
Commission rates vary which impacts your rewards.
Ensure the validator is not oversubscribed.
You require a minimum of 25 ROOT tokens in your FuturePass to participate in staking or nominating. Follow the steps in the How to buy ROOT guide to get started.
Go to the staking site: staking.therootnetwork.com.
Click Start Staking.
Sign in to your FuturePass. Your available ROOT balance is on the staking dashboard in the top right corner.
Click Stake ROOT.
Enter the amount you want to stake.
If nominating, select one or more validators. Or select ‘Skip nomination’ to only stake.
Confirm your choices and sign the transaction.
Your ROOT is now staked.
To view your staking activities, visit staking.therootnetwork.com and launch the app. This dashboard shows you how much ROOT you staked, and which, if any validators you have nominated. This is also where you can change nominated validators and view and redeem your Vortex token staking rewards.
Learn more about staking on The Root Network.
For questions and support please contact: support@therootnetwork.com.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Bootstrap Rewards
As outlined in The Root Network whitepaper, we reward up to 10% of the total supply of ROOT tokens over 260 weeks as a bootstrap to early backers.
Stakers, nominators, and validators are rewarded ROOT based on ROOT staked by duration for the reward cycle. Rewarded ROOT is transferred into The Vortex and paid out in Vortex tokens at the end of the reward cycle.
Era
A 24-hour period. For each Era, validators are selected by voting to do the work.
Extrinsic
The term extrinsic is generally used to mean any information that originates outside of the runtime. However, for practical purposes, it is more useful to consider each transaction type independently and identify scenarios where each type would be most applicable.
Network Fees
Fees from DEX, marketplaces, communication protocols, material world and other experiences, and paying gas on the network.
Network Tokens
These are tokens used on the network to pay gas and network fees.
Nominator
A participant who stakes ROOT and chooses to nominate one or more validators. This is a higher risk (see Slashing) and comes with a higher reward relative to staking.
Reward Cycle
A 90-day period. At the end of the reward cycle, participants are rewarded proportionally to their participation level.
ROOT
The token used to power The Root Network.
Slashing
This is the risk validators and nominators take on. It happens when a validator misbehaves e.g., the validator node becomes unavailable. Slashed ROOT is transferred to the Treasury.
Staker
A participant who stakes ROOT and doesn’t nominate a validator. It is a lower risk and comes with lower rewards relative to nominating.
Validator
A participant who stakes ROOT and operates one or more validator nodes to forge blocks and complete transactions on the network.
The Vortex
This is where all fees collected on the network are stored. It also includes the ROOT from Bootstrap Rewards.
Tokens in The Vortex should generally go up. It decreases when people unroll their Vortex token. In this case, they get their proportion from The Vortex.
For example, if you unroll 10 Vortex tokens and there are 100 Vortex tokens in circulation, you have 10% of the market supply. By unrolling, you get back 10% of all tokens in The Vortex at that time.
Vortex Tokens
Participants on The Root Network are rewarded with Vortex tokens.
Vortex tokens are backed by the underlying tokens in The Vortex.
They are tradable on DEX, assuming there is a liquidity pool with a pair of your choice.
Work Points
Work points are earned by validators for doing work to complete blocks and transactions on the network.
As a nominator, you earn a percentage commission of Work points your selected validators earn. For more details on how they work, see Tokenomics.
The Root Network is a public blockchain network built on Substrate, a general-purpose blockchain framework that provides the essential building blocks for blockchain logic.
The Root Network makes dapp development easy via pre-built runtime modules. These work a bit like plug-and-play components that sit within the blockchain's runtime. Developers can leverage these core pallets, rather than having to code their own essential parts from scratch. Developers can opt to use all, some, or none of these modules within their dapps.
One of the core runtime pallets provided by The Root Network is the evm
pallet, which provides the environment to deploy and run Ethereum Smart Contracts natively on The Root Network. This gives web3 developers access to smart contract functionality and also means that any code previously written for Ethereum can now run on The Root Network blockchain with minimal changes.
The Root Network also exposes functionalities of certain pallets as "precompiles", which allows users/tooling to query/transact with the pallet functions as if they are Solidity functions. This allows native network currencies and NFTs to appear as regular ERC-20s and ERC-721s to Ethereum tooling and contracts alongside other functionality to supercharge contract development, such as Decentralised Exchange (DEX), ERC-1155.
When building a dapp on The Root Network, developers have the option to either utilize the native Native API, which interacts with the runtime pallets, or they can choose to use the EVM API, which is compatible with several well-known libraries such as ethers.js
.
The native Native API offers the best efficiency and lower costs than smart contracts. This is because the runtime pallets are written in Rust and are highly optimized. Using the runtime pallets also saves development time because the functionalities are easily accessible through a simple JavaScript API. When designing a new dapp, we recommend searching through the pallets first to check if the problem you are addressing has already been sorted by the provided functionalities.
The EVM pallet and smart contracts offer more flexibility. You can create your custom logic and deploy it any time. You can also use Solidity and other tools that you may be more familiar with.
The simplest way to connect to one of the TRN networks is by using The Root Network Portal. This web portal enables communication with a node through WebSocket. You can choose the network to connect to by selecting it from the Root dropdown in the top left corner and clicking Switch.
When connecting to The Root Network through the API, you can choose to connect to a public web socket or a local node.
The Root Network RPC servers are not for sustained or business use, and they may become unavailable at anytime. You should run your node or use an RPC Service like Rootscan RPC for regular use.
Native RPC
EVM RPC
Block Explorers
Chain ID
Currency
Native RPC
EVM RPC
Block Explorers
Chain ID
Currency
Native RPC
EVM RPC
Block Explorer
Chain ID
Currency
A utility package that complements the @polkadot/api
to connect and interact with the Root Network node.
Create an API instance
Use api
instance to interact with node
function getApiOptions()
Returns an ApiOptions
object that contains necessary types and RPC methods to connect The Root Network.
function getPublicProvider(network: NetworkName, useWsProvider?: boolean)
Returns a provider
instance of either WsProvider
or HttpProvider
that connects to TRN mainnet "root"
or testnet "porcini"
.